What is Raspberry Pi?
The Raspberry Pi is a small, low‑cost, single‑board computer created by the Raspberry Pi Foundation (UK).
Unlike microcontrollers like Arduino, Raspberry Pi is a microcomputer — it can run an operating system (usually Raspberry Pi OS, based on Linux) and perform tasks similar to a desktop computer, such as:
- Running code in Python, Java, C, etc.
- Browsing the web.
- Playing videos.
- Hosting servers.
Think of Raspberry Pi as your own tiny, affordable PC that you can also hook up to sensors, motors, and DIY electronics.
What Can You Do with Raspberry Pi? (Top Uses)
Here are the most popular Raspberry Pi applications:
- Learn Programming
Raspberry Pi was designed to teach coding, especially Python and Scratch. Beginners can start coding right away without expensive hardware.
- DIY Home Automation
Connect sensors, cameras, and relays → control lights, doors, or appliances via Wi‑Fi.
- Retro Gaming Console
Install RetroPie → Play classic Nintendo, Sega, PlayStation 1 games on your TV.
- Media Center (Mini PC for Entertainment)
Install Kodi or Plex → Stream movies, music, or even YouTube from one box.
- Robotics & Electronics
Use GPIO pins (General Purpose Input/Output) to connect sensors & motors → build robots, smart cars, or IoT prototypes.
- Web Servers & Cloud Projects
Run your own server: host websites, databases, or even a personal cloud (Nextcloud).
- Education & Research
Schools use Raspberry Pi to teach science, coding, electronics, and IoT.
- Everyday PC
Add a keyboard, mouse, and monitor → use Raspberry Pi as a regular PC for basic tasks.
Complete List of All Major Raspberry Pi Models (Updated)
This list covers all the main generations of Raspberry Pi single-board computers (SBCs), specialized Compute Modules, the ultra-compact Zero series, and the microcontroller Pico line.
1. Flagship Single-Board Computers (SBCs)
These are the primary, full-featured Linux computers, following the traditional Model B (with Ethernet) and Model A (smaller, no Ethernet) form factors.
Raspberry Pi 5 Series (Latest Generation)
- Raspberry Pi 5
- Release Date: October 2023
- SoC/Chip: Broadcom BCM2712
- Max RAM: Up to 16 GB
- Key Features: Quad-core Cortex-A76 (2.4GHz), the fastest Pi yet. Includes a dedicated PCI Express (PCIe) interface, a power button, and dual 4K micro-HDMI ports.
Raspberry Pi 4 Series
- Raspberry Pi 4 Model B
- Release Date: June 2019
- SoC/Chip: Broadcom BCM2711
- Max RAM: Up to 8 GB
- Key Features: Quad-core Cortex-A72 (1.5GHz), dual 4K micro-HDMI, true Gigabit Ethernet, and USB 3.0 ports.
Raspberry Pi 3 Series
- Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+
- Release Date: March 2018
- SoC/Chip: Broadcom BCM2837B0
- Max RAM: 1 GB
- Key Features: Quad-core Cortex-A53 (1.4GHz), 2.4GHz/5GHz Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth 4.2/BLE.
- Raspberry Pi 3 Model A+
- Release Date: November 2018
- SoC/Chip: Broadcom BCM2837B0
- Max RAM: 512 MB
- Key Features: Smaller form factor (like the original Model A+), with built-in Wi-Fi/Bluetooth, but fewer ports (single USB 2.0, no Ethernet).
Older Generations
- Raspberry Pi 2 Model B (Feb 2015)
- Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+ (Jul 2014) / Model A+ (Nov 2014)
- Raspberry Pi 1 Model B (Mar 2012) / Model A (Feb 2013)
2. Compact (Zero) Series
Designed for projects where size, power, and cost are the most critical factors.
- Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W
- Release Date: October 2021
- SoC/Chip: Broadcom BCM2710A1 (Quad-Core)
- Max RAM: 512 MB
- Key Features: Same tiny footprint as the original Zero, but with a powerful quad-core processor. Includes 2.4GHz Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
- Raspberry Pi Zero W
- Release Date: February 2017
- SoC/Chip: Broadcom BCM2835 (Single-Core)
- Max RAM: 512 MB
- Key Features: Adds 2.4GHz Wi-Fi and Bluetooth to the original Zero.
- Raspberry Pi Zero
- Release Date: November 2015
- SoC/Chip: Broadcom BCM2835 (Single-Core)
- Max RAM: 512 MB
- Key Features: The original $5 ultra-compact model without built-in wireless connectivity.
3. Microcontroller (Pico) Series
Built on Raspberry Pi’s custom silicon chips, these boards are for bare-metal programming and I/O-intensive tasks, similar to Arduino. They do not run a full Linux OS.
- Raspberry Pi Pico 2
- Release Date: Reported 2024
- SoC/Chip: RP2350
- Key Features: The next-generation Pico, featuring a faster Dual-Core Cortex-M33 (150MHz) and 520 KB of SRAM.
- Raspberry Pi Pico W
- Release Date: June 2022
- SoC/Chip: RP2040
- Key Features: Adds 2.4GHz Wi-Fi and Bluetooth to the original Pico.
- Raspberry Pi Pico
- Release Date: January 2021
- SoC/Chip: RP2040
- Key Features: Dual-Core Cortex-M0+ (133MHz) with 264 KB of SRAM.
4. Keyboard Computers (All-in-One)
The full Raspberry Pi SBC is integrated directly into a keyboard, creating a compact desktop PC.
- Raspberry Pi 500+
- Release Date: Reported 2025
- SoC/Chip: Broadcom BCM2712
- Max RAM: 16 GB
- Key Features: The all-in-one version of the most powerful Raspberry Pi 5.
- Raspberry Pi 400
- Release Date: November 2020
- SoC/Chip: Overclocked Broadcom BCM2711
- Max RAM: 4 GB
- Key Features: The Pi 4’s powerful chip inside a full keyboard, featuring built-in cooling and a convenient PC layout.
5. Compute Module (CM) Series
Designed for commercial and industrial product designers. These System-on-Modules (SoMs) are compact circuit boards that require a custom-designed carrier board for connectivity.
- Compute Module 5 (CM5)
- Release Date: Reported 2024
- SoC/Chip: Broadcom BCM2712
- Max RAM: Up to 16 GB
- Key Features: The CM version of the Raspberry Pi 5, in the modern high-density connector form factor.
- Compute Module 4 (CM4)
- Release Date: October 2020
- SoC/Chip: Broadcom BCM2711
- Max RAM: Up to 8 GB
- Key Features: CM version of the Pi 4, with optional eMMC storage and wireless, and the addition of a PCIe interface.
- Compute Module 3+ (CM3+)
- Release Date: January 2019
- SoC/Chip: Broadcom BCM2837B0
- Max RAM: 1 GB
- Key Features: Uses the older DDR2-SODIMM form factor for compatibility with previous designs.
Raspberry Pi vs Arduino (Quick Difference)
- Arduino → Microcontroller → Great for controlling sensors, motors, robots (real‑time hardware control).
- Raspberry Pi → Microcomputer → Runs Linux, multitasks, good for web servers, automation, learning programming.
- Many projects use both together (Arduino handles sensors/motors while Raspberry Pi handles cloud/server).
FAQs
Q1: Can Raspberry Pi replace my laptop/desktop?
For light tasks (coding, browsing, streaming), yes. But not ideal for heavy gaming or video editing.
Q2: Do I need an SD card for Raspberry Pi?
Yes — Raspberry Pi uses a microSD card (8GB+ recommended) for its operating system and storage.
Q3: Can Raspberry Pi run Windows?
Not full Windows 10/11. But it can run Windows IoT Core and Linux‑based OS like Ubuntu, Raspbian.
Conclusion
The Raspberry Pi is one of the most versatile tools in modern computing and electronics. From controlling lights to running a home server, or even learning to code, there’s a Raspberry Pi model suited for you.
- Easy to learn ✅
- Affordable ✅
- Used by millions worldwide ✅
Whether you’re a student, hobbyist, or professional maker, the Raspberry Pi is your gateway into computing, robotics, and IoT.